Implementation of a Digital Daily Pass and E-Ticketing Mobile Application for Local Public Transport

The current public transportation system primarily relies on traditional paper-based ticketing and manual fare collection methods, which lead to operational inefficiencies, revenue leakage, increased boarding time, and inconvenience for passengers and transport authorities. This dissertation presents the design and implementation of a Digital Daily Pass and E-Ticketing Mobile Application aimed at modernizing local public transport fare management. The proposed system replaces conventional ticketing with a secure, mobile-first solution that enables instant purchase, digital storage, and real-time validation of singlejourney e-tickets and digital daily passes. The system follows a three-tier architecture consisting of a customer mobile application, a conductor mobile validation application, and a cloud-based backend infrastructure. A key security feature of the system is the use of dynamic QR codes generated using a TimeBased One-Time Password (TOTP) mechanism. This ensures that each digital pass produces a time-sensitive encrypted token, preventing screenshot fraud and unauthorized sharing. The conductor application validates tickets in real-time through a secure Validation API, ensuring that responses are delivered within a minimal time frame to reduce passenger dwell time. The backend infrastructure manages transaction processing, pass generation, audit logging, and realtime reporting for administrative oversight. The system enhances operational transparency, reduces paper waste, eliminates cash handling complexities, and enables data-driven decision-making through accurate transaction records. By integrating mobile technology, secure tokenization, and scalable cloud architecture, the proposed solution contributes to improved efficiency, enhanced passenger convenience, reduced fraud, and the advancement of smart, sustainable public transportation systems. Keywords: Digital Daily Pass, E-Ticketing System, Mobile Application, Public Transport, Dynamic QR Code, TOTP, Validation API, Cloud Architecture, Secure Payment Gateway, Fraud Prevention, Real-time Validation, Microservices, Operational Transparency, Smart Mobility, Sustainable Transport