Policy on Paper, Gaps in Practice: A Qualitative Assessment of COTPA Compliance in Educational Institutions of Bhubaneswar, India

Background: Tobacco use remains a pervasive public health concern in India, with initiation often beginning at a young age. The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) 2003 mandates that educational institutions be tobacco-free, yet compliance remains inconsistent.Objectives: To qualitatively assess compliance with COTPA regulations in schools of Bhubaneswar.Methods: A qualitative cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted using observations and semi-structured interviews with teachers and principals. Sampling was stratified across schools. Data collection was based on CBSE guidelines and analysed thematically.Results: Findings revealed partial compliance with COTPA. Signboards were absent in 50% of government schools, tobacco shops were found within 100 yards of several government institutions, and evidence of tobacco use (wrappers, butts) was observed in all schools. Teacher awareness of COTPA varied, with many perceiving chewing tobacco as culturally acceptable, especially in Government schools. Themes included poor enforcement, cultural acceptance, and peer influence.Conclusion: Compliance with COTPA in Bhubaneswar schools remains inadequate, highlighting the need for stronger enforcement and sensitization of teachers and staff. Implications of the study: The findings highlight a critical gap between COTPA legislative provisions and on-ground implementation in school settings. Strengthening enforcement in and around educational institutions, particularly the regulation of nearby vendors, is essential. Regular sensitisation and training of teachers can address the cultural normalisation of smokeless tobacco. Integrating tobacco-control activities into school health programs and fostering collaboration between schools, parents, health authorities, and local administration can mark a big step towards creating sustained tobacco-free environments for adolescents.