Tobacco Usage Pattern and Its Impact on Quality of Life (QOL) in Elderly Tribal Population in a Selected District of Western Odisha – A Mixed Method Study

Introduction: Tobacco usage in tribal populations bears a disproportionate burden due to cultural acceptance and limited healthcare access. In Odisha in Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs), tobacco use is highly prevalent, adversely influencing quality of life (QOL). Aim & Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and patterns of tobacco use among elderly tribals (?60 years) in Kalahandi district and to examine its impact on QOL using the WHOQOL-BREF scale. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between April-June 2025. Using multistage sampling, for quantitative data collection, 200 elderly tribals were recruited, and for qualitative data two focus group discussions (FGDs) were held. Statistical analysis included descriptive measures, chi-square tests, t-tests, and Pearson’s correlation with p value < 0.05 deemed statistically significant. Thematic analysis was applied to qualitative data. Results: Out of 200 participants, 68% consumed smoking forms and 72% used smokeless tobacco. Tobacco users reported significantly poorer scores across all QOL domains (p < 0.05). FGDs revealed deep cultural entrenchment of tobacco, with perceived medicinal and social functions. Conclusion: Tobacco usage is alarmingly high and significantly reduces QOL. Culturally sensitive, community-based cessation initiatives are needed to be integrated into tribal health policies.