Genomic characterization of antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants in <i>Salmonella</i> Infantis isolated from human, food, and animal sources

This study provides a comprehensive genomic analysis of over 15,000 <i>Salmonella</i> Infantis isolates, revealing widespread antimicrobial resistance (AMR), virulence gene prevalence, and plasmid transfer potential. The high frequency of key AMR genes and the detection of chimeric plasmids highlight the evolving threat posed by multidrug-resistant <i>S.</i> Infantis. The strong similarity in virulence gene profiles between human and non-human isolates underscores the potential for zoonotic transmission through the food chain. These findings offer crucial insights into the mechanisms driving the emergence and spread of resistant <i>S.</i> Infantis, informing future surveillance, risk assessment, and control strategies to protect public health.