Factors Influencing Exclusive Breastfeeding Up to 6 Months Among Underserved Immigrant Women in New York City

Exclusive breastfeeding rates in this underserved, immigrant population fell below national averages and declined over time. Key maternal, newborn, and hospital-related factors shaped breastfeeding outcomes, revealing critical gaps in lactation support and access to care. Targeted, culturally responsive interventions are essential to improve breastfeeding equity.