Residue dissipation of flutolanil and triadimefon in spinach, and their dietary exposure assessment

This study evaluated the temporal residue changes of flutolanil and triadimefon with foliar application, which are available for controlling damping-off and downy mildew, in spinach.When applying a 1000-fold dilution of 15% flutolanil emulsifiable concentrate (EC), the initial residue reached a maximum of 22.6 mg kg-1 in spinach.The residue concentration decreased to 0.04 mg kg -1 after 21 days from the final application, with a corresponding half-life of 2.06 days.Triadimefon was applied as a 5% wettable powder diluted 2000-fold, and the maximum initial residue of total triadimefon was detected at 0.31 mg kg -1, whereas it was not detected 7 days after the final pesticide application, with the estimated halflife of 1.03 days.The estimated theoretical maximum daily intakes (TMDIs) of flutolanil and triadimefon, based on maximum residue limits and statistical dietary data for Koreans, did not exceed 20% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for all age groups.However, TMDIs exceeded 10% of the ADI for flutolanil in the heavy diet groups with perilla leaves and strawberries (99th percentile), and for triadimefon in lettuce and romaine lettuce.