Clustering depression subgroups based on dorsolateral prefrontal-subgenual anterior cingulate cortex peak functional connectivity reveals different symptom profiles and TMS treatment outcomes

Our findings suggest two distinct MDD subgroups characterized by differential spatial distribution of personalized DLPFC-sgACC peak FC. These subgroups demonstrate clinical differences in both anxiety symptom severity and TMS therapeutic outcomes, warranting validation through large-sample prospective studies in the future.