Automatic Transformer Load Sharing and Protection System Using Arduino for Reliable Power Distribution

Reliable operation of distribution transformers is essential for maintaining an uninterrupted electrical power supply. However, transformers are frequently subjected to overload conditions due to increasing demand, leading to overheating, insulation failure, and reduced service life. This paper presents the design and development of an Arduino-based automatic transformer load sharing and protection system. The proposed system continuously monitors load current and temperature conditions and dynamically distributes load between two transformers using relay-based switching. When the load exceeds a predefined threshold, the standby transformer is automatically connected in parallel, ensuring balanced load sharing and preventing thermal stress. Real-time parameters are displayed on an LCD interface for monitoring purposes. The developed system demonstrates improved operational reliability, reduced maintenance requirements, and enhanced efficiency compared to conventional manual load sharing techniques. The results validate that the system effectively prevents overloading and ensures continuous power delivery, making it suitable for industrial, commercial, and distributed power applications.