Predictors of mental disorder in patients with chronic kidney disease

Aim. To assess the significance of body composition indicators as predictors of the development of cognitive impairment in patients with CKD C5 receiving hemodialysis. Materials and methods. 182 young and middle-aged CKD C5 patients receiving treatment with chronic hemodialysis were examined. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the criteria formulated by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2). To identify dementia and pre-dementia cognitive impairments, all patients were tested using the questionnaire MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination). The software and hardware complex "Assessment of Nervous System Properties" was used as a tool for studying cognitive functions. The indicators of thinking were evaluated: "simple and complex analogies", linguistic "induction and abstraction". Results. In patients with CKD C5 receiving hemodialysis, when analyzing the function of thinking, a decrease in the indicator "simple analogies" was recorded in 23 (12.6 %); "complex analogies" in 120 (65.9 %); "language induction" in 173 (95 %) and "language abstraction" in 161 (88.5 %) patients. Patients with CKD C5 and sarcopenia have worse performance of the "language induction" indicator 6 [5; 7] responses, compared with 6 [6; 8] responses in the CKD C5 group and without sarcopenia (p = 0.0434). Conclusion. Patients with CKD C5 and sarcopenia have cognitive impairment. According to the results of a multivariate regression analysis, sarcopenia indicators, along with age, hemodialysis duration, and biochemical parameters, are the main factors leading to the development of cognitive impairment.