Treatment of demodicosis: an overview of available therapeutic methods

Demodex is a parasitic mite commonly inhabiting human skin. Under conditions of excessive colonization, it can cause demodicosis – a disease manifested by symptoms such as erythema, itching, burning, and inflammation of the eyelid margins. The diagnosis of demodicosis is primarily based on microscopic examination, although non-invasive techniques such as dermatoscopy are also used. Treatment of demodicosis is complex and multi-stage due to the difficulty of completely eliminating the parasite. Pharmacotherapy involves the use of antibiotics, antiparasitic agents (e.g., ivermectin), plant-based preparations (such as tea tree oil), crotamiton, or mercury oxide. Non-pharmacological methods complement the therapy. A key role in prevention is played by eliminating sources of reinfection: changing cosmetics, frequent washing of textiles, and strengthening the immune system. Treating demodicosis requires an individualized approach, consistency, and patience, and the effectiveness of therapy often depends on combining various methods and maintaining strict hygiene.