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The article is devoted to the analysis of the impact of groundwater abstraction on spring productivity. The conditions of interaction between water intakes and spring discharge zones are investigated, and the factors nfluencing their discharge are identified. The obtained results make it possible to predict the state of springs and to substantiate environmentally safe operating regimes for wells. Springs are unique natural objects that have significant hydrological, ecological, economic, and aesthetic importance for society. Spring waters are recharged by productive and high-quality groundwater aquifers and are widely used as reliable sources of drinking and industrial water supply. Groundwater abstraction affects the productivity of spring discharge zones, reduces filtration inflow to springs, lowers groundwater levels, and may lead to a critical decrease in spring discharge or, in some cases, to their complete disappearance. Therefore, the analysis of factors that mutually influence the productivity of groundwater intakes and the sustainable functioning of springs is relevant and essential for assessing their qualitative characteristics. Groundwater abstraction near spring discharge areas is considered based on a filtration flow scheme with a groundwater intake represented by a single well and a circular spring zone, which is explained by the outcrop and destruction of the upper confining layer of the aquifer at the ground surface. The proposed scheme and mathematical framework, in addition to analyzing the “well productivity–drawdown” relationship, make it possible to predict the future state of springs under different groundwater abstraction regimes. The characteristic features of groundwater withdrawal by wells located near spring discharge zones have been investigated. A trend of increasing groundwater inflow to water intakes due to springs over the period of operation has been identified. Well productivity values that reduce the risk of dewatering spring discharge zones have been determined. Factors influencing the productivity of wells and springs during groundwater abstraction have been analyzed, and changes in groundwater levels within the aquifer in the zones of the water intake and spring discharge have been examined. The obtained results enable the design and operation of wells with productivity levels that meet environmental protection requirements, ensuring the preservation of existing springs and, in some cases, their restoration.