Lifestyle changes in the context of motivational dynamics and sense of locus of control during the recovery and rehabilitation of patients after myocardial infarction

Introduction and objective: Among the complex risk factors associated with ischaemic heart disease, lifestyle is one of the key determinants influencing both its occurrence and clinical course. This study examined the relationship between emotional and motivational processes arising in situations of health crisis and life-threatening events, and behavioural changes related to recovery in patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction (N = 98). Materials and methods: The Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ), developed on the basis of self-determination theory, was used to analyse regulatory styles and determine the degree of autonomy in undertaken health-related behaviours. The Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC-A) was also applied. Results: The findings indicate that changes in health-promoting behaviours over approximately four weeks of rehabilitation coincide with a motivational shift characterised by a decrease in amotivation and an increase in autonomous motivation. Individuals who reduce smoking or achieve complete abstinence demonstrate increased autonomous motivation not only to maintain nicotine abstinence, but also to consume alcohol responsibly and adhere to a proper diet and regular physical activity. The study revealed a statistically significant difference between the first and second measurement in the locus of control dimension, specifically in the area referring to the influence of others. Conclusions: Among the internal factors influencing participation in rehabilitation, as assessed by the questionnaires, the most important throughout the rehabilitation process were minimising the impact of the disease and regaining a sense of physical capability, followed by the feeling of being needed by loved ones. Regardless of individual reasons for undertaking rehabilitation, a complex motivational profile played an important role in perceived effectiveness.