Performance Comparison of LQR Versus a Novel Hybrid Optimized PID Controller for Inverted Pendulum Stabilization

This study presents a comparative analysis of control strategies for the stabilization of an inverted pendulum system. It evaluates a traditional Linear-Quadratic Regulator (LQR) against PID controllers optimized using metaheuristic algorithms, including Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithms (GA). Furthermore, the investigation introduces and assesses novel hybrid controllers that combine the PSO and GA optimization techniques. The performance of all five control strategies was tested and compared through MATLAB/Simulink simulations, which included conditions with external disturbances to evaluate robustness. The results demonstrate that while all controllers successfully stabilized the system, the hybrid metaheuristic approach yielded a notably superior performance in terms of transient response. The study concludes that hybrid metaheuristic algorithms represent a highly promising method for controlling complex, nonlinear systems, particularly in applications where traditional control techniques are limited by their dynamic performance.