A Novel Eukaryotic Ribosome Factor Enables Translation Restart Following Cellular Dormancy

Abstract Dormancy is a survival strategy employed by all domains of life to withstand prolonged nutrient deprivation and environmental stress that is marked by a global shutdown of protein synthesis. However, the molecular mechanisms driving ribosome inactivation and reactivation during and after dormancy in eukaryotes remain poorly understood. Here, we identify SNOR, a novel SBDS-like ribosome-associated factor in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, that is upregulated and associates with ribosomes during induced dormancy triggered by glucose depletion. SNOR contributes to protein synthesis repression by binding the ribosome to probe the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), block tRNA-binding sites, and cap the polypeptide exit tunnel (PET). Importantly, we show that SNOR is essential for the restart of protein synthesis upon glucose reintroduction and exit from dormancy. SNOR is evolutionarily conserved and specifically upregulated in response to glucose stress in fungi. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized ribosome-associated factor that links glucose stress and cellular dormancy to surveillance of protein synthesis and highlight the power of in situ structural biology to uncover stress-responsive regulators of translation.