RECENT TRENDS IN MODIFIED TRANSDERMAL PATCHES

Transdermal drug delivery has emerged as a promising alternative to oral and injectable routes, offering non-invasive, convenient, and controlled drug administration. Modified transdermal patches enhance traditional systems by incorporating technologies such as microneedles, iontophoresis, nano-carriers, and smart responsive materials. These innovations improve drug permeation, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficiency while minimizing systemic side effects. Recent trends focus on delivering a wider range of drugs, including hormones, peptides, proteins, vaccines, and small molecules. Microneedle-based patches allow painless administration of macromolecules previously unsuitable for transdermal delivery. Nanotechnology integration improves solubility, stability, and controlled release of drugs. Smart patches with sensors nable real-time monitoring and personalized drug release for chronic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. Current research emphasizes customization, patient adherence, and long-term therapy effectiveness. Transdermal systems now target neurological, psychiatric, dermatological, and immunotherapeutic applications. Clinical studies demonstrate improved pharmacokinetics Advanced fabrication techniques, including 3D printing.