Addressing the crises of declining vaccination rates and measles resurgence by promoting health literacy

Pediatric vaccination rates are declining in the United States, with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reporting decreases in immunization coverage against measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP), polio, and varicella. The recent measles outbreaks have resulted in tragic outcomes, highlighting the urgent need for clinician concern and proactive measures to prevent illness, hospitalizations, missed school and caregiver workdays, and deaths. According to the World Health Organization, MMR vaccination rates below 95% compromise herd immunity, increasing the risk of sustained outbreaks. This article reviews the decreasing rates of pediatric vaccine uptake and the measles outbreak; examines the role of health and vaccine literacy in shaping parental decision-making amid these crises; and explores factors contributing to disparities in vaccination rates including ethnicity, residence location, and birth country. Finally, it outlines strategies primary care clinicians can use to improve pediatric vaccination rates and summarizes CDC and American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases.