Smartphone‐based Green Detection Systems for Environmental Pollutants

The ongoing advancements in mobile phone technology, the creation of new apps, and the rise in global user numbers have stimulated the growth of analysis and research methods using smartphones, from human health to environmental monitoring, making these devices usable as tools beyond their conventional uses. Using cell phones as a tool for analysis is possible due to the device's affordable cost, its portability, as well as its functionalities, including wireless connectivity, storage space, ambient light sensors, and top-notch cameras, which allow for advantages like instant data upload, storage, transmission, and processing. These characteristics make smartphone-based methods easy to implement, low-cost, versatile, with good repeatability, and quick analyses in contrast to conventional analytical techniques. Monitoring environmental contamination may be greatly aided by combining cellphones with colorimetric, fluorescence, microscopic imaging, and electrochemical methods. In this chapter, we present several successful applications of these methods for the environmental monitoring of organic and inorganic contaminants, as well as outlooks for the future on the difficulties in incorporating smartphones and combining them with other analytical tools.