Відмежування основної технічної причини від супутніх факторів у судовій гірничотехнічній експертизі: фазово-модульний підхід

This paper presents a methodological approach to distinguishing the main technical cause from accompanying factors in forensic mining engineering examination. The study is based on the application of a phase-modular model of accident development, which allows structuring the analysis of events in time and identifying the key causal node within a complex system of interrelated factors. It is demonstrated that, in expert practice, there is a risk of substituting the primary technical cause with a set of violations or contributing conditions, which leads to methodological inaccuracies. The proposed approach ensures a clear separation between the core technical cause and secondary factors, including organizational, technical, and human-related components. The methodology is illustrated through a generalized forensic case, showing how phase decomposition and modular analysis can be applied to reconstruct the causal chain and justify expert conclusions. The approach can be used as a structured analytical tool in forensic examinations related to accidents in the mining industry. First published in: Proceedings of the 3rd International Scientific and Practical Conference “Scientific Research: Emerging Theories and Practical Breakthroughs” (Edinburgh, Scotland, March 23–25, 2026). Publisher: European Open Science Space. Proceedings DOI: 10.70286/EOSS-23.03.2026.