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On October 26, 2025, the Expert Forum chaired by Academician A.V. Gorelov and Professor I.N. Zakharova was held in Moscow. The Forum was attended by representatives from leading Russian research establishments and higher education medical institutions in the Russian Federation. The forum explored the most pressing issues in epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in pediatric practice. A post-COVID-19 outbreaks of respiratory infections caused by M. pneumoniae , involving primarily children, began to emerge globally approximately since the end of 2023. An increase in MP infection cases in both children and adults has also been reported in the Russian Federation from autumn of 2023 through the present. Clinically, MP infection manifests as a common respiratory infection in most patients (90–97%), but community-acquired pneumonia develops in 3–10% of patients. Children aged 5 to 18 years and adults under 45 are most resilient to MP infection, and emergence of clusters of infection are typical. Epidemics of M. pneumoniae infection are considered to occur every 3–7 years (in Russia, every 5–6 years), and immunity following infection lasts approximately 4 years. PCR tests have superiorities in diagnosing M. pneumoniae infection. Serological methods are also used to diagnose MP infections by measuring anti-M. Pneumoniae IgM, IgA, and IgG. Macrolides, particularly clarithromycin, are most commonly used to treat M. pneumoniae infections (both acute bronchitis and community-acquired pneumonia) in pediatric practice, which is reflected in the current clinical guidelines for the treatment of Acute Bronchitis (Children, 2024) and Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Children >1 month, 2025). This article thoroughly examines the current trends in the selection of the most appropriate antibacterial agents that provide predictable efficacy in the treatment of M. pneumoniae infections in children, based on the results of the Expert Forum Meeting