Historical Aspects of the Development of Psychoanalysis and Anthropology

This article provides an overview of the historical aspects of the relationship between psychoanalysis and anthropology. There are two distinct eras in the relationship between psychoanalysis and anthropology: the era of psychoanalytic anthropology and the era of anthropological psychoanalysis. The development of thought from S. Freud's ideas in “Totem and Taboo” to the emergence of psychoanalytic anthropology. Anthropology and psychoanalysts have studied the Oedipus complex (B. Malinowski, G. Roheim, etc.). A. Kardiner presents the theory of “adaptive psychodynamics” and notes that the influence of culture and environment on human experience is always significant; he addresses the issue of integrating psychoanalytic and anthropological perspectives. M. Mead and R. Benedict create the School of “Culture and Personality”; psychoanalysis is viewed as a useful tool for explaining socialization and personality development by other researchers. The study of the history of anthropology and psychoanalysis reveals the interplay between individuals and culture. These ideas can serve as a foundation for research on the impact of individuals on social and cultural spaces, as well as the influence of external factors (social, cultural, and historical) on the development of personality structures.