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Background Advancing the high-quality development of family physician-contracted service is an inevitable trend of deepening the reform of medicine and healthcare system under the new situation. How to strengthen the construction of family physician team and improve the quality and efficiency of contracted service has become an urgent problem to be solved. Objective To investigate the current state of team interaction among family physician team members and to explore its impact on job performance. Methods From October to December 2021, a questionnaire survey was conducted among family physician team members from primary healthcare institutions in Qianjiang, Hubei and Changsha, Hunan by combining convenience sampling and cluster sampling. The questionnaires covered basic information, team interaction, and job performance of family physician team members. Scores for each dimension of team interaction were analyzed, and hierarchical linear regression was used to examine its impact on job performance. Results A total of 593 questionnaires were distributed and collected, with 580 valid responses (97.81%). There were significant differences in the scores of leadership effectiveness, task interaction, task monitoring, team support, and job performance among family physician team members of different genders (P<0.05). Significant differences in leadership effectiveness, task interaction, and task monitoring were noted across age groups (P<0.05). Significant differences in leadership effectiveness and task monitoring were also observed among members with different educational backgrounds (P<0.05). Task monitoring (β=0.201, P<0.001), cohesion (β=0.255, P<0.001), and interpersonal trust (β=0.236, P<0.001) all had significant positive effects on job performance. Conclusion Family physician team members reported relatively high overall scores for team interaction. Three dimensions of interaction—task monitoring, cohesion, and interpersonal trust—were found to positively impact job performance. Therefore, it is recommended to optimize the structure of family physician teams, enhance effective interaction and emotional support, and strengthen the management of team interaction.