Wheat Blast: A Threat to Wheat Production in Zambia Under Climate Change

Wheat blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum (MoT), is an emerging fungal disease that poses a serious threat to global wheat production. In Zambia, where wheat is increasingly becoming a vital component for food and nutritional security, the emergence and spread of wheat blast is a growing concern under the influence of climate and agricultural practices changes. This review assesses the risk of wheat blast expansion in Zambia by examining regional climatic trends, future climate projections, crop suitability, and the ecological requirements of MoT. Potential disease hotspots are identified, and integrated management strategies, including chemical, cultural, and biotechnological approaches are evaluated. The review highlights the urgent need for coordinated disease surveillance, the development and deployment of resistant cultivars, and climate-resilient farming practices. By consolidating current knowledge and outlining sustainable management strategies, this paper aims to support effective disease mitigation and safeguard wheat production in Zambia in the face of climate change.