Psicofarmacología Integradora en la Era de la Neurociencia: Fundamentos Teóricos para una Nueva Generación de Intervenciones en Salud Mental

Justification: Population aging and structural conditions of vulnerability are associated with situations of poverty, dependency, and limited support networks among the older adult population, factors that affect psychosocial well-being and the processes of strengthening resilience in institutional contexts. Objective: To analyze the theoretical, neurobiological, and historical foundations of psychopharmacology and its relevance in the clinical approach to psychopathologies. Methodology: A theoretical approach with an analytical-synthetic method was used. The information was obtained through a bibliographic and documentary review of scientific articles, academic books, and indexed sources, under a non-experimental descriptive-analytical design. Results: The review shows that psychotropic drugs act on brain neurotransmission systems, modulating neural circuits associated with mood, cognition, and behavior. Likewise, advances in neuroscience, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacogenomics have led to the development of more effective and personalized treatments. Conclusion: Psychopharmacology is a fundamental pillar of modern psychiatry, integrating knowledge from neuroscience and clinical practice to improve the understanding and treatment of mental disorders.