Magnetic Field-Driven Regulation of Bioactive Metabolites and Metabolic Enzyme Inhibition in Sanghuangporus vaninii

The effects of static magnetic field (SMF) treatment on the solid-state culture of Sanghuangporus vaninii (SV) were investigated to enhance metabolite production and bioactivity. SMF parameters including intensity, exposure duration, and temperature were optimized, and treatment at 4 mT for 2 h per day produced the most pronounced effects, increasing total flavonoid (TFC), polyphenol (TPC), and triterpenoid (TTC) contents by 61–438% compared with the control. Ultrasonic extraction and semi-preparative chromatography enabled the isolation of three key compounds: D-(+)-trehalose (1), 5,7-dihydroxy-3,4′-dimethoxyflavone (2), and pinolenic acid (3), all of which were elevated following SMF treatment. Importantly, SMF exposure was associated with enhanced inhibitory activities against enzymes relevant to chronic metabolic disorders. The overall inhibitory activities against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase, and xanthine oxidase increased by 6–28% compared with the control, reaching a maximum inhibition of 97.60 ± 0.17%. Preliminary in vitro screening at 100 μg/mL showed that compounds 1 and 2 inhibited both α-amylase and α-glucosidase, whereas compound 3 selectively inhibited pancreatic lipase. Subsequent IC50 analysis confirmed that compound 2 under SMF treatment exhibited inhibitory activity comparable to acarbose against α-amylase (45.62 μg/mL vs. 52.18 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (38.74 μg/mL vs. 35.42 μg/mL). In addition, compound 3 showed moderate inhibition of pancreatic lipase with an IC50 value of 42.15 μg/mL. These findings suggest that SMF treatment may enhance metabolite production and in vitro enzyme inhibitory activity in S. vaninii. However, these results are limited to in vitro assays, and further studies including cellular and in vivo validation, toxicity assessment, and pharmacokinetic evaluation, are required before any therapeutic or industrial applications can be considered.