Combined Nutritional and Exercise Interventions for Cachexia in Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Limited to Cancer Cachexia

Current evidence regarding combined nutritional and exercise interventions for cachexia is of very low certainty, and no high-quality evidence currently exists to support their effectiveness. Findings across studies are inconsistent, and further rigorous, well-designed trials are urgently needed. The development and adoption of core outcome sets will be essential to enable future meta-analyses. Results from ongoing trials are awaited.