A new species of Capnea (Actiniaria: Capneidae) from the north-west Pacific, with an overview of related taxa

The sea anemone Capnea tokranovi sp. nov. is described from the Sea of Okhotsk and the Pacific Ocean south of Kamchatka. This is the fourth species of this genus and the first member of Capnea Forbes, 1841 reported from Russian waters. Morphologically, particularly in the arrangement of the tentacles, Capnea tokranovi sp. nov. is more similar to the Antarctic C. georgiana (Carlgren, 1927) than to the Japanese C. japonica (Carlgren, 1940) or C. sanguinea Forbes, 1841, which is known from the waters of north-western Europe. The taxonomic position of the family Capneidae and related taxa is discussed. The genera Chitinactis Gusmão et Rodríguez, 2021 and Discoactis Izumi et al., 2025, which are grouped in the same clade as Capnea, are morphologically similar to Condylanthus Carlgren, 1899 and Segonzactis Riemann-Zürneck, 1979 and should be classified within Condylanthidae. The family Condylanthidae is closely related to Capneidae. Capnea indica (Verrill, 1869) is transferred to the genus Actinoporus Duchassaing, 1850. The recently established family Peachiidae is shown not to be distinct.