A critical review of design and applications of fractal patch antenna

All portable wireless devices contain antennas, which serve as the fundamental building block of wireless communication. In order for these portable devices to establish uninterrupted (flawless) connectivity, efficient antenna designs are currently needed. For many kinds of applications, including small, wideband, and multiband applications, there are many different antenna designs that are suitable, and fractal antennas play an important part in these requirements. Numerous methods have been employed in the literature to meet these requirements, and this study offers a condensed overview of current developments in fractal antenna design. Additionally, the designed fractal antenna structures are divided into groups based on the application domain for the ease of understanding. Allowing for the research of fractal antennas to benefit from them, this survey is helpful for future research because it also examines the various software tools used for fractal antenna design and analyzes the gain and bandwidth of fractal antennas.