FOREIGN POLICY SUBJECTIVITY OF HUB CITIES: TOOLS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND GREEN INVESTMENT IN EUROPE

The transformation of European cities into independent subjects of international politics and economics under the implementation of the «European Green Deal» is studied. The phenomenon of city diplomacy (paradiplomacy) is conceptualized as a strategic tool for attracting green investments. Using the example of Polish hub cities (Gdansk, Wrocław, Opole), models of forming their foreign policy subjectivity through the implementation of ESG standards, the development of innovation ecosystems and direct interaction with international financial institutions are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the experience of the Opole Voivodeship in creating a «green industry belt» and using science and technology parks to promote the ecological brand of territories. It is determined that environmental sustainability is becoming a key political capital that allows cities to compete for capital independently of national governments. Practical recommendations for Ukrainian communities regarding green reconstruction, energy decentralization and revitalization of industrial zones according to European models are formulated.