Measures for Monitoring Local Government Employees Who Have Been Disciplined Civil Indemnification

Background and Aims: This study aims to: 1) Analyze the powers and duties of Thailand’s National Anti-Corruption Commission (NACC) in overseeing and enforcing civil liability restitution for local government officials who have faced disciplinary action or resigned. 2) Compare civil liability enforcement mechanisms in jurisdictions with robust anti-corruption frameworks to identify best practices. 3) Propose legal and policy reforms to strengthen the NACC’s authority and improve the efficiency of civil restitution processes. Methodology: The research adopts a qualitative methodology, combining: 1) Documentary research: Analysis of Thai laws and academic literature on corruption and civil liability. 2) Comparative legal analysis: Examination of integrated enforcement systems in Singapore (CPIB), South Korea (ACRC), and Malaysia (MACC), focusing on their centralized databases, direct enforcement powers, and proactive strategies. Results: 1) The NACC’s lack of direct authority to enforce restitution orders leads to reliance on slow, inconsistent actions by local agencies, often compounded by political interference or resource shortages. 2) Benchmark countries demonstrate superior efficiency through unified anti-corruption agencies (e.g., Singapore’s CPIB) that handle investigations, orders, and enforcement, supported by real-time data systems and asset recovery units. 3) Key reforms proposed include: 3.1) Granting the NACC binding administrative enforcement powers. 3.2) Creating a centralized database to track restitution cases. 3.3) Establishing clear procedural timelines and a specialized oversight body. 3.4) Enhancing legal training for officials to ensure compliance. Conclusion: Thailand’s civil liability enforcement system suffers from fragmentation and weak NACC authority, undermining restitution efforts. Adopting integrated models from Singapore and Malaysia—such as direct enforcement powers and centralized monitoring—could significantly improve efficiency, transparency, and public trust. Future research should evaluate the impact of these reforms on restitution rates and bureaucratic accountability.