The influence of perceived noise load on miners’ unsafe behaviours: an integrated SEM–SD modelling approach

To reveal the impact mechanisms of coal mine noise on miners' unsafe behaviours (UB), this study examined the relationship between perceived noise load and miners' UB by integrating structural equation modelling (SEM) and system dynamics (SD). SEM analysis indicated that in noisy work environments, miners' self-reported cognitive processing load (CPL), physiological-psychological load (PPL) and perceived comprehension load (PCL) were positively associated with UB. The effect strengths indicated a hierarchy of CPL > PPL > PCL. SD simulations identified the degree of thinking resistance, occupational burnout, task order misinterpretation and risk behaviour as key factors through which perceived noise exposure influences UB. Based on these findings, interventions such as noise source control and individualised adaptive training are proposed to mitigate UB.