Assessment of the Siltation Risk of Irrigation Canals: A Case Study of the Irrigation Canal in Golmud

Siltation in irrigation canals adversely affects overflow capacity and accessibility, making its identification crucial for dredging, prevention, and maintenance, among other purposes. In this study, the siltation risks of Golmud irrigation canals were assessed from three perspectives: hydrodynamic impact, anthropogenic impact, and greening impact. The assessment factors included sediment deposition risk, bed erosion risk, proximity to public administration and services, proximity to residential areas, proximity to commercial services, and proximity to green spaces. The entropy weight method and TOPSIS method were employed to calculate the comprehensive siltation risk level, with model validation confirming a high overall accuracy of 94%. The results showed that among the six factors, proximity to public administration and services had the greatest influence on siltation, with a weight of 0.29. Additionally, the most vulnerable siltation locations were primarily in the city center, reflecting the susceptibility of urban areas to anthropogenic activities. This study develops a rapid and objective risk-scanning tool that couples hydrodynamics with land-use factors, providing a standardized technical pathway for the checking of large-scale urban infrastructure.