Active Annotation Versus Passive Review of Operative Videos for Training in Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery: A Preclinical Randomized Controlled Study

Active video annotation is feasible and acceptable for enhancing surgical education. It led to improvement in knowledge compared with passive video review and improved simulated surgical skills and confidence from baseline, suggesting suitability for integration into training programs. The impact, however, on operating room performance or patient outcomes remains unknown and warrants further study.