AI Integration in Primary Science Instruction: A Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)-Based Study on Teachers’ Readiness to Use ChatGPT

The unsatisfactory performance of Malaysian students in the 2023 Trends in Mathematics and Science Studies (TIMSS) assessment highlights the need for innovative and effective approaches in science instruction. One potential solution is the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly ChatGPT. However, there is a need to access science teachers’ readiness to use ChatGPT in the teaching and learning of science to ensure its benefits are fully utilized. Therefore, this quantitative study with a survey research design aims to access science teachers’ readiness to use ChatGPT in science instruction based on the Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use, two factors in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Based on the Krejcie and Morgan sample size determination table and using stratified random sampling, data were collected from 80 science teachers in the district of Keningau, Sabah, through questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings of the study showed a moderate level of readiness among science teachers to use ChatGPT in science instruction, suggesting general acknowledgement of ChatGPT’s benefits but indicating the need for continuous support and training as several science teachers were facing difficulties in mastering its features. This study recommends the implementation of ongoing professional development programmes along with comprehensive technical support and clearer AI alignment with existing curriculum to help science teachers feel more confident and better equipped to use AI tools in their teaching and learning practices.