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Aim This study was conducted retrospectively for bibliometric analysis purposes by examining postgraduate nursing theses conducted in Türkiye using the Roy Adaptation Model according to the specified variables. Method The study was conducted using the documentary analysis method—one of the qualitative research designs—and the data were analyzed using the descriptive content method. This study was conducted between December 2023 and January 2024. The data were collected by analysing postgraduate nursing theses written using the Roy Adaptation model from those available at the “National Thesis Centre” of the Council of Higher Education (CHE) in Turkiye between 2001 and 2023. The study included a total of 68 master’s and doctoral theses that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Findings Findings of the study revealed that most of the theses were published in 2016 (14.7%), and 79.4% of them were doctoral dissertations. The majority of the theses were experimental (39.7%) and quasi-experimental (35.2%) and were mostly conducted in the Department of Nursing (35.3%). The most common topics covered in the theses were health education (44.2%), chronic diseases (27.9%), and quality of life (27.9%). Conclusion The use of the Roy Adaptation Model in postgraduate theses in the field of nursing in Türkiye appears to be limited. Therefore, it is recommended that number of studies on the use of theories and models in all areas of nursing be increased, and a guide for the use of theories and models in studies be established.