Problems of contamination of biogeocenoses as a result of the use of depleted uranium munitions in new regions of Russia. Review

This paper examines various aspects of ecosystem contamination in Russia's newly emerging regions associated with the use of depleted uranium munitions. Conflicts involving the use of such munitions are listed, and data on uranium concentrations and behavior in ecosystems are presented. Identifying contaminated sites and the toxicological and radiation impacts on humans and biota are considered. A sequence of priority actions is proposed, including comprehensive radiation and environmental monitoring of natural and anthropogenic ecosystems, radiation surveys, zoning of contaminated sites, and decision-making on remediation measures. In conclusion, the authors conclude that ecosystem contamination resulting from the use of depleted uranium munitions is long-term and represents a pressing issue for Russia's newly emerging regions. Addressing this issue requires scientific support, improved regulatory and methodological documents in radiation safety and the management of various sectors of the economy, and the use of accumulated experience in overcoming the consequences of radiation accidents and incidents.