A forensic disciplinary investigation of deaths caused by traditional wooden house fires; A 10-year autopsy study in Turkey

In the Eastern Black Sea Region, located in the northeast of Turkey, traditional wooden houses with rich visual and architectural features represent an important aspect of folk building arts. However, fires in these wooden houses, which have a high fire load, pose a significant public health issue, leading to substantial loss of life and property. This study aimed to evaluate deaths caused by wooden house fires over a 10-year-period from a forensic medicine perspective, with the goal of raising social awareness and providing recommendations for prevention and protection. 87.1% of the victims died at the scene. 68.2% of the bodies exhibited fourth-degree (carbonized) burns. 78.8% showed macroscopic soot contamination in the lower respiratory tract. 69.4% had elevated blood carboxyhemoglobin levels, with a mean value of 41.2%. Identification was achieved through DNA comparison analysis in 36.5% of cases. The study determined that 83.6% of the deaths resulted from direct carbon monoxide intoxication, direct burns, or a combination of burns and carbon monoxide intoxication. To accurately determine both the identity of the deceased and the true cause of death in fire victims, a comprehensive investigation is essential. This includes detailed crime scene examination and extended toxicological, pathological, radiological, and molecular genetic analyses alongside autopsy procedures. Strong correlations were identified between blood carboxyhemoglobin levels, soot contamination in the lower respiratory tract (macroscopic and microscopic), and fire-related causes of death. Furthermore, DNA comparison analysis enables 100% accurate identification, even in highly carbonized bodies.