Are psychologists aware of group psychological abuse? A survey on awareness of the phenomenon among Italian psychologists

Introduction Psychologically abusive groups are characterized by systematic influence, relational control, and leadership structures that foster dependency; however, empirical data on how mental health professionals conceptualize these phenomena remain limited. The present study investigated Italian psychologists’ knowledge, representations, and professional experiences regarding psychologically abusive groups. Methods An online survey was administered to 232 psychologists across Italy between November 2024 and April 2025. The questionnaire explored self-assessed knowledge, information sources, representations of groups, members, and leaders, perceived abusive strategies, clinical experiences, diagnostic formulations, and training needs. Results Limited formal preparation, with many participants relying primarily on non-academic sources despite rating scientific materials as more reliable. Abusive groups were predominantly described in terms of manipulation, isolation, and psychological control, while leaders were characterized by charisma, narcissistic grandiosity, and exploitative tendencies. In contrast, members were mainly portrayed as psychologically vulnerable, suggestible, and in need of belonging. Nearly half of respondents reported direct clinical contact with individuals involved in such groups. Reported clinical profiles were heterogeneous, with recurrent internalizing symptoms, trauma-related presentations, and dependency-related features. Discussion Overall, findings reveal a partial alignment with contemporary systemic models of group psychological abuse, alongside a persistent tendency to frame involvement in individual vulnerability terms. The study underscores the need for clearer conceptual frameworks, evidence-informed terminology, validated assessment tools, and structured professional training to support clinical and forensic practice in this area.