Entomological Surveillance and Breeding Site Productivity of Aedes Aegypti at the Autonomous Port of Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

Mosquitoes of the genus Aedes are major vectors of arboviruses of global public health importance and rank among the most invasive insect species, with their spread closely associated with international trade and transport. Entomological surveillance initiated in 2009 as part of strengthened epidemiological monitoring detected the presence of Aedes albopictus at the Port of Abidjan. To assess the population dynamics of Aedes mosquitoes and the associated health risks, a study was conducted from April to December 2014, combining ovitrap monitoring at ten-day intervals with monthly larval surveys. All adults emerging from ovitraps were identified as Aedes aegypti. Oviposition site selection was influenced by surrounding vegetation and the intensity of human activity. The larval habitats identified were dominated by tarpaulins and used tyres, habitats linked to port logistics and cargo handling. Aedes aegypti infested most positive breeding sites, with tarpaulins and cavities in concrete poles representing the most productive habitats. These findings indicate that port environments function as critical interfaces between local transmission and the international dissemination of vectors and arboviruses. They underscore the need to integrate entomological surveillance and control of artificial breeding sites into port biosecurity strategies to prevent the introduction, establishment, and export of vectors, in line with global health security priorities and the implementation of the International Health Regulations.