Biomechanical Modeling of Venous Blood Flow in Acute Inverior Vena Cava Thrombosis

Objective. To investigate the impact of inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis on blood flow parameters using finite element modeling based on venous ultrasound data. Material and methods. We used computer modeling in the SolidWorks Flow Simulation environment, which allowed to create a three-dimensional reconstruction of the venous network based on clinical and instrumental data from a patient who had suffered acute iliofemoral thrombosis, as well as to perform the analysis of blood flow alterations. Biomechanical modeling of complete occlusion of the common femoral vein and stress-strain state of the IVC walls was performed for 30, 50 and 80% lumen stenosis. Results. Data analysis revealed that the relationship between the percentage of lumen stenosis and the occurring mechanical parameters is nonlinear. Of particular clinical significance is the correlation between the degree of lumen narrowing and the formation of turbulent vortices, which may determine the development of complications and emphasizes the necessity of an individualized approach to assessing the stress-strain state in each specific clinical case. In 80% lumen stenosis, a significant increase in stress-strain characteristics was identified, which is associated with a high risk of pathological changes. These parameters are one of the determining factors in making decisions regarding the need for surgical intervention. Conclusion. IVC thrombosis initiates a sequential cascade of hemodynamic disturbances, ranging from local pressure increase to the formation of turbulent blood flow, which requires a comprehensive approach to the diagnosis and treatment of this pathological condition. When stenosis reaches 80% or more of the lumen, a transition from laminar blood flow to turbulent occurs.