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The article addresses the relationship between language, literary translation, and visualization generated by artificial intelligence. The analysis focuses on selected fragments of works by Pavel Bazhov and Fyodor Dostoevsky, examined in the original Russian as well as in Polish and English translations. The study consisted of two stages: (1) a comparative analysis of translations in terms of semantics, style, and cultural aspects, and (2) a survey experiment with 220 Polish-speaking respondents who evaluated AI-generated illustrations based on three language variants of the same fragments. The results show that even subtle translational shifts influence how artificial intelligence interprets and visualizes literary texts. Moreover, respondents preferred illustrations generated from Polish prompts (52.5% of choices), which supports the hypothesis of “imagining in one’s own language” and confirms the concept of the linguistic worldview. This effect proved statistically significant and relatively stable regardless of participants’ age. The article demonstrates that combining traditional methods of translation studies with new AI tools opens new perspectives for interdisciplinary research on the role of language in shaping literary and visual imagination.