Novos adjuvantes anestésicos em bloqueio regional

Considering the growing need to optimize perioperative analgesia and reduce opioid consumption, anesthetic adjuvants associated with regional blocks have gained prominence in modern anesthesiology. This study aims to analyze, through a narrative literature review, the main new anesthetic adjuvants used in regional blocks, evaluating their effectiveness, impact on sensory and motor block duration, and clinical safety profile. To this end, a qualitative analysis of studies published in PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar was conducted, including randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, and recent international guidelines. In this way, it is observed that drugs such as dexmedetomidine, dexamethasone, clonidine, and magnesium sulfate significantly prolong analgesia, reduce postoperative opioid consumption, and improve clinical outcomes, maintaining a favorable safety profile when used appropriately. It is concluded that new anesthetic adjuvants represent a promising strategy in contemporary regional anesthesia, although standardized and multicenter studies are still required for definitive protocol consolidation.