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The chapter explores the transformative evolution of research ethics in the 21st century, shaped by rapid technological innovation, global collaboration, and shifting societal values. It examines how traditional ethical principles such as respect, beneficence, justice, and nonmaleficence must adapt to address emerging challenges in artificial intelligence, automation, immersive technologies, and big data. Key concerns including algorithmic accountability, informed consent in digital environments, participant vulnerability, data governance, and intellectual property are critically analyzed. The discussion highlights tensions between global harmonization and cultural relativism in ethical governance, while emphasizing the need for anticipatory and adaptive frameworks. Special attention is given to ecological responsibility, participant care, and the growing role of ethics education in ensuring human dignity, scientific integrity, and social responsibility.