Spatial Bigdata and AI for Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on the Bioclimatic Zones in Mediterranean Context

Climate change is an increasing global threat to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, affecting species distributions, ecological interactions, and habitat conditions. In Morocco, rising temperatures and increasing aridity pose major challenges to ecosystem conservation and adaptation. This study assesses the national-scale impacts of climate change on Moroccan ecosystems by integrating artificial intelligence and cloud computing to analyze the evolution of Emberger's bioclimatic zones. The results indicate a marked aridification of bioclimatic zones, with projected losses of approximately 85% and 36% of humid and sub-humid zones, respectively, while arid and semi-arid zones are expected to expand by about 15% and 10%. These changes reflect heterogeneous vulnerabilities among bioclimatic zones and sub-zones, ranging from intra-zone thermal shifts to transitions toward new bioclimatic regimes. These findings support adaptive ecosystem management, biodiversity conservation, and the sustainability of ecosystem services under future climate scenarios.