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Relevance . Fungiculture is currently one of the most relevant areas of development in Russian agriculture. Some of the most popular edible mushrooms in the world are the species Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) and Flammulina velutipes (enoki), however in Russia they are grown in limited quantities. This is due to the lack of existing technologies for cultivating edible mushrooms and the lack of high-quality mycelium of domestic production. Materials and Methods . In the period from 2024 to 2025, the elements of technology for growing mycelium and fruit bodies of fungi of the species P. ostreatus and F. velutipes on nutrient substrates of various compositions were developed. The substrates were based on sawdust of various tree species, and brewer’s grains were used as a nutrient additive (as a waste from brewing production). The control was a substrate with the addition of wheat bran in a concentration of 5%. The work was carried out at the microbiological laboratory of Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University. The fungus strains P. ostreatus 135 and F. velutipes F-562 from the Russian National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms of the NRC “Kurchatov Institute” GOSNIIGENETIKA were used for research work. Results. It was found that the best substrate for P. ostreatus is birch sawdust with the addition of brewer’s grains in an amount of 10% by weight of sawdust. Good mycelium growth was observed in Petri dishes, the colony diameter was 73.1 mm, which was 18% higher than the control, while the onset of primordium formation and a high growth coefficient (94) were noted. During cultivation in the substrate blocks, rapid overgrowth of the substrate (10 days), early formation of primordiums (13 days) and fruit bodies (15 days) took place. The yield was 187.5 g per 1 kg of substrate. F. velutipes developed better on a substrate of apple sawdust with the addition of 10% brewer’s grains. Very intensive mycelium growth was noted in Petri dishes, the colony diameter was 78.9 mm, which was 11% higher than the control. In the substrate blocks, active overgrowth of the substrate (18 days), rapid formation of primordiums (32 days) and fruit bodies (37 days) were noted. The yield was 234.2 g per 1 kg of substrate. Conclusion. It is recommended to use a birch sawdust substrate with the addition of 10% brewer’s grains for growing P. ostreatus (oyster mushroom). For growing F. velutipes (enoki), the best solution is an apple sawdust substrate with the addition of 10% brewer’s grains.