Physics-based simulation of ultrasound propagation from MRI volumes for cross-modal breast imaging

In resource-limited settings, access to MRI for breast cancer workup remains a significant barrier when ultrasound findings are inconclusive. To enable development of cross-modal synthesis models, we present a physics-based simulation framework that creates paired MRI-ultrasound training datasets by synthesizing realistic ultrasound images from available MRI data. This supports the feasibility of using physics-driven methods to generate synthetic ultrasound from MRI data. Because contrast enhancement and vascular permeability are not modeled, this framework should be interpreted as a non-contrast anatomical MRI to conventional B-mode ultrasound simulation rather than a complete cross-modal transformation that captures DCE-MRI or contrast-enhanced ultrasound behavior.