Endometriosis-Associated Neoplasms: A Review of Clinicopathologic Features and Common Diagnostic Challenges

Endometriosis-associated neoplasms are a frequently encountered heterogeneous group of ovarian neoplasms with some unifying features, including younger age and lower stage at presentation. The most common tumors are endometrioid carcinomas, clear cell carcinomas, and seromucinous borderline tumors. The diverse morphologic features and variant histologic patterns can significantly complicate interpretation and compromise reproducibility. This review offers a systematic approach in overcoming these diagnostic challenges that are facilitated by the integration of histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings.