Signal lock optimization algorithm for engineering benchmark problems

The increasing complexity of constrained engineering design problems has intensified the demand for metaheuristic optimization algorithms that are both computationally efficient and robust against premature convergence and search stagnation. This paper presents the Signal Lock Optimization Algorithm (SLOA), a novel population-based metaheuristic founded on the dual mechanisms of confidence reinforcement and noise suppression. The core principle of SLOA lies in identifying high-confidence solution components-referred to as signal locks-and reinforcing them during the search process while dynamically filtering stochastic perturbations that may mislead exploration in multimodal and highly constrained landscapes. The proposed algorithm incorporates adaptive parameter updating and an effective constraint-handling strategy to maintain a balanced exploration–exploitation trade-off. SLOA is extensively evaluated on a suite of widely adopted engineering benchmark problems, including Welded Beam Design, Pressure Vessel Design, Tension/Compression Spring Design, and Car Side-Impact Design. Comparative experimental results and statistical analyses demonstrate that SLOA consistently achieves superior or highly competitive solution quality, faster convergence rates, and high feasibility compared to several state-of-the-art metaheuristic algorithms. The findings confirm that the signal lock mechanism provides a reliable and scalable optimization framework for solving complex real-world engineering design problems.