From formal schooling to operational excellence: Toward a new paradigm of hospitality TVET in Madagascar

This article analyzes the performance crisis within the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) system of Madagascar's hospitality sector and proposes a structural reform grounded in a paradigmatic rupture. Despite significant tourism potential, the current system suffers from systemic fragilization, characterized by a profound disconnect between training provision and the exigencies of the global market. The study demonstrates that the predominance of theoretical instruction-currently representing 70% of the total credit hours-constitutes the primary barrier to the employability of young graduates, engendering a phenomenon of