Prevalence and Prognostic Impact of Physical Dysfunction, Cachexia, and Dysphagia in Older Patients With Heart Failure

Background: Older patients with heart failure (HF) often present with multiple age-related conditions, but these are commonly evaluated in isolation. We aimed to describe the prevalence, overlap, and prognostic implications of physical dysfunction, cachexia, and dysphagia in older patients with HF.