Larger Relationship Between Diabetes and Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD)

Patients with Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) tend to develop diabetes more than those without diabetes. Diabetic treatments mainly include DPP4-i, GLP-1RAs, and SGLT2-i. They are reported to decrease neuroinflammation, amyloid beta accumulation, and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, and to prevent neuronal loss and enhance neurogenesis. Anti-diabetic agents may decrease dementia risk in T2D based on large research data of 4 million individuals. As a result, the odds ratios (OR) for reducing dementia showed SGLT2-i 0.69, GLP-1RA 0.70, DPP4-i 0.86, metformin 0.92, sulfonylurea 1.02, α-GI 1.14, and insulin 1.26. From some studies, GLP-1RAs and SGLT2-i show a similar degree of clinical effect.